The Signal Path — from an electrode to a decision

Every diagnostic answer begins the same way: an electrode turns biology into current, and a measurement chip listens to how that current answers back across the whole frequency landscape.

The amphitheatre ahead is built from Nyquist arcs — the shape an impedance spectrum takes. Each ring is a time constant of the system: solution resistance, charge transfer, diffusion. The 45-degree slopes falling away are Warburg tails.

In the city of interdigitated fingers, binding is the signal. When an antigen finds its antibody, charge transfer is partially blocked — R_ct grows, the arc widens. The amber towers are binding events, and the double helix turning beside the city is the molecular assay itself — photothermal PCR and cold-chain-free LAMP.

The glowing floorplan on the left is the chip die — the silicon these platforms ride on, drawn from idea to product by our EDA flow. Ahead, the whorl is TruePrint territory: ridge structure reconstructed from latent fingerprints, the bright sparks its minutiae. Learned features, not photographs.